The Vindicator was one of the highest producing mines of the Cripple Creek Gold District. Initially deemed valueless by Winfield Scott Stratton, the claim was developed by the Zang family of beer brewers.

References:

Author Unknown. (n.d.). Philip and Adolph J. Zang. Colorado Business Hall of Fame. http://www.coloradobusinesshalloffame.org/philip-and-adolph-j-zang.html

Author Unknown. (n.d.). Zang, Philip. Denver City Council. https://www.denvergov.org/content/denvergov/en/denver-city-council/about-us/history-denver-city-council/biographies/zang-phillip.html

Greeson, L. A. (n.d.). The Vindicator Mine: History and Photo Gallery. Victor Heritage Society. https://www.victorheritagesociety.com/vindicator-mine.html

Author Unknown. (n.d.). Biography of Philip Zang. Zang Mansion. http://www.zangmansion.com/Albums.php

Author Unknown. (n.d.). Biography of Adolph J. Zang. Zang Mansion. http://www.zangmansion.com/Albums.php